# Supplements for Menopause Bloating: The Inflammation Link Most Articles Miss

_The best supplements for menopause bloating, plus why estrogen decline drives gut inflammation — graded honestly, with the inflammation link most articles skip._

Recovery & Resilience · By Fabio Lanzieri, Co-founder & CEO · June 23, 2026

Source: https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/supplements-for-menopause-bloating

---

## TL;DR

- Menopause bloating isn't "just gas." Estrogen decline shifts three systems at once — gut **motility** (transit slows), the gut **microbiome** (less diversity, more gas-producers), and the gut **barrier** (more permeable) — with low-grade inflammation running underneath all three.
- **Bloating is not belly fat.** Bloating is digestive distension that comes and goes; belly fat is visceral tissue you can pinch. They feel similar but call for different things — if you mean the waistline, read [supplements for menopause belly fat](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/supplements-for-menopause-belly-fat).
- The strongest single-supplement evidence here is for **enteric-coated peppermint oil** (IBS-pattern bloating). Probiotics and digestive enzymes have real but **limited, strain- and trial-specific** data — I'll say so plainly.
- **Magnesium** addresses the slowed-motility driver and tends to pull double duty for sleep and joint comfort.
- The piece most articles skip: **inflammation** ties the three systems together. That's the rationale behind a multi-ingredient formula like [ProleevaMax](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/products/proleevamax), presented here honestly alongside the single-ingredient options — not as the only answer.
- Give any approach **8–12 weeks.** The gut doesn't reorganize in a fortnight.

A woman named Diane wrote to me last spring. A runner her whole life, flat-stomached into her fifties — and then, somewhere in perimenopause, she started ending most days looking, in her words, "four months pregnant." Bloated by dinner, tight waistband by 3 p.m. She'd tried three off-the-shelf "menopause" supplements, a detox tea, and a fiber powder that made everything worse. Her question was simple and a little angry: *what actually works, and why does nobody explain why this is even happening?*

I spent 40 years in pharmaceuticals before my wife Maria's recovery pushed me to build a formula at our kitchen table. So I wanted to answer Diane the way I'd answer a friend across that table — with the mechanism, not just a list. Because here's what most articles on supplements for menopause bloating get wrong: they hand you seven products without explaining what changed inside you. And if you don't know what changed, you can't tell which supplement is solving your problem and which is just expensive.

This is that answer. The biology first, then the seven supplements — graded honestly, including where the evidence is thin.

## Why Am I Suddenly So Bloated During Menopause?

This is the question I get most, almost word for word: *why am I suddenly so bloated during menopause?* The "suddenly" is worth sitting with — because it usually isn't sudden at all. It's three slow shifts that cross a threshold around the same time, and then one day the waistband tells on all of them.

Estrogen is the thread through every one. Most people file it under "reproductive hormone" and stop there — but estrogen is also one of the body's quiet regulators of the immune system, tilting your inflammatory tone toward "calm." When estrogen falls, that calming signal weakens, and inflammatory markers like IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP drift upward across the menopause transition [1][2]. The biology is genuinely two-sided and dose-dependent — estrogen can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on tissue and concentration — but the through-line at midlife is a shift toward a more inflammatory baseline [3][4]. Some researchers now describe the peri-menopause itself as a "systemic inflammatory phase" [5]. Hold onto that, because it's the link the bloating articles miss.

Here's how that backbone plays out in your gut, in three acts.

**1. Gut motility slows down.** Estrogen helps regulate the smooth muscle that moves food through your digestive tract. As estrogen declines, transit time tends to lengthen — food and gas sit longer. Slower transit means more fermentation time, and more fermentation means more gas. More gas means distension. This is the mechanism behind that classic complaint of feeling fine in the morning and inflated by evening — the day's food has had more hours to ferment than it used to.

**2. The gut microbiome shifts.** A specific cluster of gut bacteria — the **estrobolome** — helps recycle estrogen through the gut. As estrogen drops, microbiome composition changes, most consistently toward lower diversity and a relative rise in gas-producing species. A less diverse, more gas-forward microbiome is, almost by definition, a more bloating-prone one. I'll be straight: the menopause-specific microbiome literature is still young and mostly observational — strong on association, thin on "do X and your bloating resolves." I grade the probiotic evidence accordingly below.

**3. Gut-barrier integrity declines.** This is the one that ties back to inflammation. The cells lining your intestine sit shoulder to shoulder, sealed by tight junctions — that seal keeps what's *in* your gut from leaking into circulation. Those cells are metabolically hungry, and their single most important fuel is the amino acid **L-glutamine** [6][7]. When estrogen's calming influence fades and inflammatory tone rises, the barrier can become more permeable; bacterial fragments slip into circulation, which raises inflammation further, which slows motility and disturbs the microbiome. A self-reinforcing loop — motility, microbiome, barrier, each feeding the next, with inflammation underneath.

So when people ask **does estrogen cause bloating** — the honest answer is that estrogen *decline* drives the conditions that cause it. Not by one mechanism, but by three at once, with an inflammatory current running beneath them. That's also why a single magic pill rarely fixes it. You're not treating "gas." You're nudging a system back toward balance. If you want the full picture of how falling estrogen flips the body's inflammatory baseline beyond the gut, I wrote it up in [menopause inflammation symptoms](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/menopause-inflammation-symptoms), and the deeper gut-barrier story lives in [gut inflammation supplements](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/gut-inflammation-supplements-how-your-gut-barrier-drives-whole-body-inflammation).

## First, a Distinction That Saves You Money: Bloating vs. Belly Fat

Before the list, one fork in the road — because half the people who search for menopause bloating actually mean something else.

**Bloating is distension.** It's gas and fluid and slowed transit. It comes and goes — flatter in the morning, fuller by night — and it's soft and tight, not something you can grab. It responds to the digestive levers below.

**Belly fat is tissue.** Specifically visceral adiposity, the metabolically active fat that increases with the menopause transition as fat redistributes toward the midsection. You can pinch it; it doesn't deflate overnight. It's a body-composition issue, not a digestive one, and it answers to different levers — strength training, protein, sleep, and the inflammation that accompanies visceral fat gain.

They get conflated constantly, and the supplements aisle is happy to let you conflate them. If your "bloating" is there in the morning, doesn't shift with meals, and feels like firm tissue rather than air — you're probably looking for [supplements for menopause belly fat](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/supplements-for-menopause-belly-fat), and the rest of this article is the wrong map. If it's the come-and-go kind that tracks with what and when you eat — keep reading.

## What Doesn't Work (and Why It Keeps Getting Recommended)

A short list of things that get recommended anyway, and why I'd skip or be careful with them:

- **A big spoonful of psyllium added overnight.** For a gut with slow motility and a disrupted microbiome, a sudden concentrated fiber dose often makes bloating *worse* for a week or two before it helps. Fiber is good long-term — the "just eat more fiber!" delivery is the problem.
- **"Detox" teas with senna or other stimulant laxatives.** These force transit without touching motility, microbiome, or inflammation. Relief for a couple of days, rebound after, and dependence over time.
- **Single-strain probiotics labeled vaguely "for women."** The probiotic evidence that exists is strain-specific. A generic "lactobacillus blend" may not contain any strain that was actually studied.
- **Simethicone gas-reducers.** Fine occasionally for trapped-gas bubbles — but they do nothing for the underlying drivers. A tool, not a plan.

The seven below aim at root mechanisms instead. That's the whole difference.

## The 7 Best Supplements for Menopause Bloating

A note on grades: I'm grading the human evidence as it stands, not the marketing. An honest "B" or "limited data" from me is worth more than an inflated "A" from someone selling you the bottle.

### 1. Multi-Strain Probiotics (Strain-Specific)

**Evidence grade: B− for general functional bloating; limited menopause-specific data** | **Typical use: 10–50 billion CFU, multiple named strains, daily**

On **probiotics for menopause bloating**, here's the honest state of it. The evidence that holds up is strain-level, not "probiotic" as a category — and the strains with the most functional-GI data are the ones people quote most: *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG, *Bifidobacterium lactis* (BB-12 or HN019), *Lactobacillus acidophilus* NCFM, *Bifidobacterium longum* BB536, and *Saccharomyces boulardii* (mainly for antibiotic-associated upset).

I won't overstate it. Multi-strain formulas tend to outperform single-strain ones for functional GI symptoms in the broader literature, and probiotics make biological sense for the microbiome-shift driver. But menopause-*specific* trials are few and small — this is a reasonable, low-risk foundation, not a proven cure. There's no large randomized trial I can point you to that says "this strain resolves menopause bloating," so I'm not going to invent one.

**What to demand on the label:** strain-level names (not just "lactobacillus"), CFU guaranteed *at expiration*, and refrigeration if the label calls for it. For the deeper why behind feeding a diverse microbiome, [the science behind your gut](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/the-science-behind-your-gut-why-38-trillion-bacteria-control-more-than-you-think) walks through it.

### 2. Digestive Enzymes (For Meal-Triggered Bloating)

**Evidence grade: C+ / limited human data for general bloating** | **Typical use: a full-spectrum blend at the start of meals**

If bloating reliably hits within an hour of eating, incomplete digestion may be part of the story. Pancreatic enzyme output — lipase for fat, protease for protein, amylase for carbohydrate — can decline with age, and menopause's slower transit compounds it. An enzyme blend at the start of a meal supports fuller digestion before food reaches the colon, where the fermentation (and gas) happens.

Candidly: outside of diagnosed pancreatic insufficiency, the human data for routine enzyme use in everyday bloating is limited and the trials are small. The mechanism is sound and safety is good — so it earns a spot — but it's a "try it and judge by your own response" supplement, not one with a citation I can hang my hat on.

**What to look for:** vegetarian/fungal-source enzymes (wider pH range than animal-derived), plus lactase if dairy is a trigger.

### 3. Magnesium (Glycinate or Citrate)

**Evidence grade: B (mechanistic, with broad clinical use)** | **Typical use: 200–400 mg elemental, evening**

Magnesium earns its place for two reasons. It supports smooth-muscle relaxation in the intestinal wall — directly relevant to the slowed-motility driver — and magnesium citrate has a gentle osmotic pull that supports regular transit without the rebound of stimulant laxatives.

Form matters. **Glycinate** is the gentlest — well absorbed, non-laxative, good if you don't need a motility push. **Citrate** has more of a transit effect, useful for constipation-dominant bloating. **Oxide** is poorly absorbed; skip it. The bonus, and it's a real one, is that magnesium tends to do several jobs in a menopause routine at once — it's also relevant to sleep and to the joint and muscle discomfort so many women describe at midlife (more on that in [supplements for menopause joint pain](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/supplements-for-menopause-joint-pain)).

### 4. Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale)

**Evidence grade: B for nausea/motility; limited bloating-specific data** | **Typical use: 500–1,000 mg standardized extract, or 1–2 g fresh, before trigger meals**

Ginger works on two fronts: it's a mild prokinetic (it helps move things along) and a mild support for a healthy inflammatory response.\* For a gut with slowed transit, the motility angle is the relevant one. The strongest human ginger data is for nausea and gastric emptying rather than bloating per se — so I'd frame it as a sensible, well-tolerated motility helper, not a heavily-trialed bloating remedy.

It's one of the easiest things to add — fresh ginger tea, a capsule, or a chewable lozenge before a meal you know tends to inflate you. Note that ginger is *not* in the ProleevaMax formula; it's a complementary option if motility is specifically your bottleneck.

### 5. Peppermint Oil (Enteric-Coated)

**Evidence grade: A for IBS-pattern bloating** | **Typical use: 180–225 mg enteric-coated capsules, 2–3× daily**

This is the one with the strongest clinical footing on the whole list. Enteric-coated peppermint oil has solid randomized-trial evidence for functional bloating and IBS-pattern symptoms — cramping, distension, gas. It relaxes intestinal smooth muscle, which is exactly the lever you want when distension and spasm travel together.

Two non-negotiables. First, **enteric coating matters** — uncoated peppermint oil breaks down in the stomach and can cause reflux instead of relief; the coating gets the oil to the intestine where it works. Second, **don't use it if you have GERD or significant reflux** — even coated, it can aggravate those in some people. If your bloating is the crampy, distended, gassy IBS type, this is where I'd point you first.

### 6. L-Glutamine (Gut-Barrier Support)

**Evidence grade: B (mechanistic + barrier-marker trials)** | **Typical use: 5–10 g daily**

Remember the third act — the leaky barrier? L-glutamine is aimed squarely at it. It's the primary fuel for the enterocytes that line your gut and form that barrier; give those cells their preferred substrate and you support their ability to maintain and repair the tight-junction seal [6][7]. Glutamine also has a documented role in intestinal immune function, which matters when barrier and inflammatory tone are linked [8].

I'll grade it straight: the barrier-marker and mechanistic evidence is genuinely good, but menopause-specific glutamine trials don't exist yet — the case here is biological consistency, not a menopause RCT. That's an honest B, and it's why glutamine shows up as a *component* of a broader approach, not a standalone cure. For the full mechanism, I wrote a dedicated piece: [l-glutamine, the gut-lining amino acid](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/l-glutamine-gut-lining-amino-acid-intestinal-cells). It's also one of the ingredients in ProleevaMax for exactly this reason — to support the gut-barrier piece of the inflammation cascade.\*

### 7. Multi-Ingredient Anti-Inflammatory Formulas (The Inflammation Piece)

**Evidence grade: variable — strong for individual botanicals, formula-dependent overall** | **Typical approach: standardized botanicals + barrier amino acids + cofactors**

Here's the link the other articles miss entirely: in menopause, bloating is partly an *inflammation* problem. When estrogen's calming signal fades and inflammatory tone rises, it touches motility, microbiome, and barrier all at once. Address only the downstream symptoms and you're forever bailing water; support a healthy inflammatory response and you're closer to the leak itself.\*

This is the rationale for a multi-ingredient formula built around inflammation rather than around "digestion" as a narrow category. The single-ingredient evidence for the anti-inflammatory botanicals is where this gets genuinely strong:

- **Boswellia serrata** has meta-analytic support for reducing osteoarthritis discomfort, and mechanistic work showing it modulates the 5-LOX inflammatory pathway and immune signaling [9][10][11]. (Deeper dive: [boswellia serrata benefits](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/boswellia-serrata-benefits).)
- **Curcumin with piperine** — curcumin acts on the NF-κB inflammatory pathway and has meta-analytic support for joint discomfort; on its own it's poorly absorbed, so black-pepper **piperine**, which raised curcumin bioavailability dramatically in human pharmacokinetic work, is paired with it [12][13][14].
- **L-glutamine** for the gut-barrier component, as above [6][7].

That's the thinking behind [ProleevaMax](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/products/proleevamax): 13 standardized ingredients including Boswellia (standardized to 65% boswellic acid), Turmeric Root Extract paired with Black Pepper for absorption, L-Glutamine for barrier support, and GABA for the nervous-system component of bloating many women feel as stress-triggered flare-ups. Plainspoken about what it is and isn't: not every multi-ingredient formula helps with bloating, and this one is built around the *inflammatory* driver — so I present it honestly next to the single-ingredient options above, not as the only answer. If inflammation is the system tying your three drivers together, a formula aimed there often helps where a probiotic alone hasn't.\*

## The Order to Try Supplements (a Practical Sequence)

Most women don't need all seven at once. A sequence that works in practice:

**Weeks 1–4 — Foundation.**

- Multi-strain probiotic, daily
- Magnesium glycinate at bedtime (200–400 mg)
- Digestive enzymes *if* bloating is consistently meal-triggered

**Weeks 4–8 — If the foundation isn't enough, add one layer.**

- A multi-ingredient anti-inflammatory formula (like ProleevaMax), *or*
- Enteric-coated peppermint oil if the pattern is IBS-type (cramp, distension, gas)

**Weeks 8–12 — Optional fine-tuning.**

- L-glutamine if barrier-type symptoms persist
- Ginger if motility specifically is the bottleneck

It's a 90-day frame on purpose: that's roughly how long meaningful change in the microbiome and gut barrier takes. Switching protocols every two weeks tends to give you no result from any of them — the most common reason people decide "nothing works" is that nothing got a fair run.

## What Foods Should I Avoid for Menopause Bloating?

Supplements are half the lever; the plate is the other half. **What foods should I avoid for menopause bloating** is genuinely individual, but the culprits cluster: carbonated drinks; sugar alcohols (sorbitol, xylitol, the "-ol" sweeteners in gum and "diet" products); large amounts of cruciferous vegetables if your microbiome isn't adapted to them; high-fructose fruit eaten alone on an empty stomach; and dairy if your lactase has dropped. Rather than cutting broadly and living on toast, a short, structured low-FODMAP trial (2–3 weeks, then systematic reintroduction) finds *your* triggers more cleanly. And add fiber gradually — soluble first (oats, chia, berries, cooked vegetables), roughly 5 g more per week, with water — because a sudden fiber jump is one of the fastest ways to make bloating worse before it gets better. A steady morning pattern helps too; I laid one out in the [anti-inflammatory breakfast](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/anti-inflammatory-breakfast) guide.

## When Bloating Is NOT Normal

Everything above is for *functional* bloating — the come-and-go kind that tracks with meals, stress, and hormones. Supplements do not address structural or disease-based bloating. Please see a doctor, not a supplement, if you have any of these:

- Bloating with **unintentional weight loss**
- Bloating with **blood in the stool**, or black, tarry stools
- **Persistent bloating for weeks** with no meal-pattern correlation
- Bloating with **severe, sudden-onset pain**
- Bloating with **difficulty swallowing**
- **Changes in stool caliber** (pencil-thin stools)
- A strong family history of ovarian, colon, or pancreatic cancer alongside new persistent bloating

These can signal conditions that need evaluation. No formula on earth substitutes for that visit.

## Starting a 90-Day Menopause Bloating Protocol

If I were writing back to Diane today, I'd tell her what I'll tell you. Start with the foundation — probiotic plus magnesium, enzymes if your bloating is meal-triggered — and give it a full four weeks before you judge it. If it's not enough, add one layer to your pattern: the multi-ingredient anti-inflammatory route if inflammation is clearly the thread, or enteric-coated peppermint if it's the crampy IBS type. Pair all of it with gradual food changes, not a crash elimination.

For the inflammation piece, ProleevaMax carries a 90-day money-back guarantee, because the 90-day commitment is the one that matches the biology — not a marketing number. We made it at our kitchen table for one person we love before we made it for anyone else. That's still the standard: if we wouldn't give it to our own, we won't make it.

Whatever you choose, give it the full season it needs. The gut rebuilds slowly, but it does rebuild.

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the best supplement for menopause bloating?

There isn't one single best supplement, because menopause bloating has three drivers — motility, microbiome, and gut-barrier inflammation. For most women a multi-strain probiotic plus magnesium (glycinate or citrate) is the best *starting point*: it addresses two drivers at low cost and high safety. If the pattern is crampy and IBS-like, enteric-coated peppermint oil has the strongest single-ingredient evidence. If bloating persists past 4–6 weeks, a multi-ingredient anti-inflammatory formula targets the inflammation that ties the three drivers together — the piece single-ingredient approaches usually miss.

### Why am I suddenly so bloated during menopause?

Because three things shift at roughly the same time as estrogen falls. Gut motility slows (estrogen helps regulate intestinal smooth muscle), so food ferments longer and produces more gas. The microbiome shifts toward lower diversity and more gas-producing species. And gut-barrier integrity declines as inflammatory tone rises. Each one feeds the next, which is why it can feel like it arrived overnight even though it built up gradually. It's a real biological shift, not just "getting older."

### Does estrogen cause bloating?

Estrogen *decline* drives the conditions that cause it. Estrogen normally helps keep inflammatory tone calm and supports gut motility; as it falls, motility slows, the microbiome shifts, and the gut barrier becomes more permeable [1][3][5]. Separately, some women starting hormone replacement therapy notice bloating at first, because exogenous hormones affect water retention and gut function differently from your own estrogen. If bloating appeared right when you began HRT, talk to your prescriber about the formulation or dose.

### How long does menopause bloating last?

Left alone — no diet, supplement, or hormonal change — it often persists through perimenopause and into postmenopause. With targeted effort (probiotics, anti-inflammatory support, gradual diet changes), most women see meaningful improvement within 6–12 weeks of *consistent* use. The operative word is consistent: switching approaches weekly tends to deliver no benefit from any of them. Plan for a season, not a fortnight.

### Do probiotics help menopause bloating?

They can, particularly multi-strain formulas containing strains with functional-GI data (*Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG, *Bifidobacterium lactis*, *Bifidobacterium longum*, among others). Probiotics target the microbiome-shift driver. Be realistic, though: menopause-specific probiotic trials are still few and small, so this is a sensible low-risk foundation rather than a proven cure. Give it 4–6 weeks before judging a specific product, and prefer strain-level labeling with CFU guaranteed at expiration.

### What foods should I avoid for menopause bloating?

Common triggers: carbonated drinks, sugar alcohols (sorbitol, xylitol), large amounts of cruciferous vegetables if your gut isn't adapted to them, high-fructose fruit eaten alone, and dairy if your lactase has dropped. Rather than cutting broadly, run a short low-FODMAP trial (2–3 weeks) then reintroduce systematically to find your specific triggers. Add fiber gradually — soluble first, about 5 g more per week, with water — since a sudden fiber jump often worsens bloating before it helps.

### Is menopause bloating the same as menopause belly fat?

No — and the distinction matters for what you do about it. Bloating is digestive distension: soft, tight, comes and goes, usually flatter in the morning and fuller by evening. Belly fat is visceral tissue you can pinch; it doesn't deflate overnight and it answers to strength training, protein, sleep, and inflammation rather than digestive supplements. If your midsection is firm and constant rather than gassy and variable, you're likely looking at [supplements for menopause belly fat](https://www.lanfamhealth.com/post/supplements-for-menopause-belly-fat) instead.

### Can supplements actually fix the cause, or just the symptoms?

Honestly, both — partially, and only with patience. Magnesium and ginger work on motility, probiotics on the microbiome, L-glutamine on the barrier, and anti-inflammatory botanicals on the inflammatory tone underneath all three. None of them "cures" menopause; they nudge a shifted system back toward balance. The realistic goal is meaningful relief and steadier digestion over a 90-day window — not an overnight reset, and not a permanent dependence on stimulant laxatives or detox teas, which I'd avoid entirely.

### When should I see a doctor about menopause bloating instead of taking a supplement?

Whenever bloating comes with red flags: unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool or black tarry stools, persistent weeks-long bloating with no meal pattern, severe sudden pain, difficulty swallowing, pencil-thin stools, or a strong family history of ovarian, colon, or pancreatic cancer alongside new persistent bloating. Those point to structural or disease-based causes that need evaluation, not supplementation. Supplements are for functional bloating; they are not a substitute for that visit.

## References

1. Taneja V. Sex Hormones Determine Immune Response. *Frontiers in Immunology*. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01931
2. El Khoudary SR, Greendale G, Crawford SL, et al. The menopause transition and women's health at midlife: a progress report from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). *Menopause*. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000001424
3. Straub RH. The complex role of estrogens in inflammation. *Endocrine Reviews*. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2007-0001
4. Gubbels Bupp MR, Potluri T, Fink AL, Klein SL. The Confluence of Sex Hormones and Aging on Immunity. *Frontiers in Immunology*. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01269
5. McCarthy M, Raval AP. The peri-menopause in a woman's life: a systemic inflammatory phase that enables later neurodegenerative disease. *Journal of Neuroinflammation*. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01998-9
6. Kim MH, Kim H. The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases. *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*. 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051051
7. Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. *Nutrients*. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111564
8. Shah AM, Wang Z, Ma J. Glutamine Metabolism and Its Role in Immunity, a Comprehensive Review. *Animals*. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020326
9. Yu G, Xiang W, Zhang T, et al. Effectiveness of Boswellia and Boswellia extract for osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. *BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies*. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02985-6
10. Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, Khiyani R. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee — a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. *Phytomedicine*. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103321648593
11. Ammon HPT. Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids. *Phytomedicine*. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.003
12. Daily JW, Yang M, Park S. Efficacy of Turmeric Extracts and Curcumin for Alleviating the Symptoms of Joint Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. *Journal of Medicinal Food*. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2016.3705
13. Feng J, Li Z, Tian L, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcuminoids for knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. *BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies*. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03740-9
14. Shoba G, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. *Planta Medica*. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957450
